شناخت کی کوریج
ناپا گیا، محض دعویٰ نہیں۔
نیچے دیا گیا ہر عدد حقیقی نمونہ فائلوں میں حقیقی خرابی داخل کر کے اور یہ گن کر ناپا گیا کہ ویلیڈیٹر نے کیا پکڑا — ہر فارمیٹ اور ہر موڈ کے لیے 100 آزمائشیں، مقررہ seed، اور ہر آزمائش کا خام ڈیٹا ریپوزٹری میں موجود ہے۔ صفر بھی شائع کیے جاتے ہیں: کچھ فارمیٹس میں سالمیت کا کوئی طریقہ سرے سے ہوتا ہی نہیں، اور ہم اس کے برعکس تاثر دینے کے بجائے آپ کو یہ صاف بتانا بہتر سمجھتے ہیں۔
- Sniper — کسی بے ترتیب بائٹ مقام پر ایک واحد بے ترتیب بٹ کی تبدیلی — پکڑنے کے لحاظ سے مشکل ترین خرابی۔
- Shotgun — کسی بے ترتیب مقام پر 4,096 مسلسل بے ترتیب بائٹس اوور رائٹ کی جاتی ہیں — ناکارہ ڈسک سیکٹر کی نقل کرتا ہے۔
شناخت کی شرحیں ہر ریلیز کے ساتھ بڑھتی ہیں: گہرے ڈی کوڈر فارمیٹ بہ فارمیٹ شامل کیے جاتے ہیں، اور یہ جدول ہر بار خام پیمائشی ڈیٹا سے دوبارہ تیار ہوتا ہے۔
میکانزم کے نوٹس انگریزی میں دکھائے جاتے ہیں: یہ گہری تکنیکی وضاحتیں ہیں جو پیمائشی رپورٹ سے لفظ بہ لفظ لی گئی ہیں۔
تصویر اور فوٹو
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PNG تصویرPNG | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC32 per chunk | |
| JPEG XL تصویرJXL | 87% | 97% | 100% | Container + frame checksums | |
| ویب پی امیجWebP | 83% | 82% | 84% | libwebp full decode | |
| macOS IconICNS | 97% | 97% | 100% | TLV chunk stream; near-total coverage | |
| فلیش SWFSWF | 100% | 100% | 100% | CWS = zlib wrapper; any flip = zlib CRC fail | |
| SVG ویکٹر گرافکسSVG | 45% | 98% | 99% | XML parse — almost any corruption breaks the XML grammar. | |
| ونڈوز آئیکنICO | 63% | 54% | 70% | Directory entries + embedded PNG/BMP image validation. Multi-resolution ICO has high structural-byte density. | |
| QOI تصویرQOI | 0% | 0% | 0% | QOI spec has no per-opcode checksum — bit flips in pixel data decode to different-but-valid pixels. Only magic (4 B) and end marker (8 B) are checkable. Fundamental format limit. | |
| JPEG2000 تصویرJPEG2K | 6% | 5% | 97% | Codestream marker structure | |
| GIF تصویرGIF | 9% | 35% | 100% | LZW decode (shotgun desyncs state); larger animated fixture lifts header-tamper detection | |
| JPEG تصویرJPEG | 4% | 8% | 100% | jpegz wrapperDecode (062393f); most single-byte tamper lands in entropy-coded data, which JPEG tolerates by design | |
| OpenEXR HDR امیجEXR | 1% | 0% | 100% | ZIP-compressed EXR — zlib decompress path runs on every scanline block. Shotgun detection perfect; sniper lower than the 26 KB NONE-compressed sample (6%) because structural bytes are a smaller fraction on the larger file. Both paths validated. | |
| ایڈوب فوٹوشاپPSD | 2% | 2% | 50% | RLE-compressed PSD — `validatePsdDeep` decodes every scanline. The old RAW-compressed `sample.psd` (0%/7%) is retained; sweep picks the larger RLE one. Measures the strong path that the RAW sample couldn't exercise. | |
| HEIC/HEIF تصویرHEIC | 0% | 0% | 4% | H.265 CABAC per tile; no content checksum, so many entropy-payload flips decode as different valid pixels. Structural, NAL, RBSP, and decoder-state violations are still detectable. | |
| AVIF تصویرAVIF | 0% | 0% | 1% | AV1 OBUs with entropy-coded tile data; no image-content checksum, so many payload flips can remain syntactically valid. Container/OBU structure and decoder errors are still detectable. | |
| BMP تصویرBMP | 0% | 0% | 0% | BMP spec has no data checksums — `bmp_decoder.validateBmp` walks every pixel row proving accessibility but cannot detect bit-flips in pixel bytes. 0/400 at ±0.5% CI. Fundamental format limit. | |
| ڈی پی ایکس امیجDPX | 0% | 0% | 0% | Raw pixel; SMPTE 268M spec has no checksum | |
| پورٹ ایبل Anymap امیجPAM/PPM | 0% | 0% | 0% | Raw pixel; Netpbm spec has no checksum | |
| TGA تصویرTGA | 25% | 27% | 100% | Header + image-spec validation catches malformed-byte tamper; tiny 11 KB fixture pushes structural-byte density up | |
| TIFF تصویرTIFF | 63% | 93% | 100% | Every IFD plus every LZW-compressed strip/tile is decoded with tiffz's shared strict lzwz core. Required EOD plus exact decoded strip/tile extent reject truncation and excess output; valid-but-different LZW streams still have no pixel checksum. Deterministic 100-trial seed-42 sweep: 63% sniper, 93% bolter, 100% shotgun. | |
| JBIG2 دو سطحی تصویرJBIG2 | 0% | n/a | n/a | Bi-level image stream walk; sniper 0% on truncated sample. Shotgun N/A (sample < 4 KB). |
کیمرا RAW
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe DNG RAWDNG | 3% | 3% | 3% | TIFF-based via tiffz strip+tile decode loop + jpegz preview decode; 77 MB sensor dump dilutes detection density per byte | |
| کینن راCR2 | 2% | 1% | 6% | TIFF-based; IFD-walked preview JPEG decoded via libjpeg-turbo (sRAW2 lossless strip filtered out so heuristic keeps the real preview) | |
| نیکن راNEF | 0% | 0% | 0% | TIFF-based; deep via zigimg | |
| سونی راARW | 0% | 4% | 15% | TIFF-based; deep via zigimg | |
| Fuji RAWRAF | 0% | 0% | 2% | Fuji; validator decodes the JPEG preview at 0x54/0x58, but preview is ~0.5% of a 208 MB sensor dump — shotgun almost never lands in it. ⚠ See Action Items. | |
| NRW | 0% | 1% | 0% | Nikon; dispatched through LibRaw which unpacks sensor data but the format has no per-row checksum. `libraw_unpack_thumb` is not currently wired up — adding it would catch corruption inside the embedded preview JPEG and could lift this to ~15-30% shotgun. Follow-up item. | |
| Olympus RAWORF | 0% | 0% | 0% | Olympus; validator WARNs on "uncompressed IFD claims but Huffman-compressed data". Structural-only. | |
| Pentax RAWPEF | 0% | 0% | 0% | Pentax; TIFF-wrapped. Structural-only. | |
| Panasonic RAWRW2 | 0% | 0% | 0% | Panasonic; TIFF-wrapped. Structural-only. | |
| Canon CR3 RAWCR3 (Canon) | 0% | 0% | 0% | ISOBMFF-based Canon RAW 3; structural box walk. 15 MB sample at 0%/0% confirms no integrity mechanism beyond structure. |
ویڈیو
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| میٹروکا ویڈیوMKV | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC32 per EBML cluster — **gold standard** | |
| AV1 ویڈیوAV1 | 5% | 6% | 100% | OBU structure + tile decode | |
| MPEG ٹرانسپورٹ اسٹریمMPEG-TS | 4% | 5% | 100% | PAT/PMT CRC + continuity counters | |
| معیاری MIDI فائلMIDI | 15% | 94% | 100% | Track framing + delta/event validation | |
| ایپل پروریز ویڈیوProRes/MOV | 5% | 7% | 78% | ProRes intra-frame DCT decode per frame | |
| ایم پی 4 ویڈیوMP4 | 0% | 0% | 66% | H.264 CABAC + AAC decode (sample = `avc1` + AAC) | |
| کوئیک ٹائم ویڈیوMOV | 1% | 1% | 75% | H.264 CABAC decode — new sample generated from public-domain jellyfish footage via ffmpeg. Old MPEG-4 Part 2 sample kept in `sample.mov` but sweep now picks the larger H.264 one. | |
| ویب ایم ویڈیوWebM (VP9+Opus) | 86% | 69% | 78% | libvpx 1.14.1 full VP9 decode per frame — every frame entropy + DCT decoded via `vpx_codec_decode`. Opus audio CRC provides additional coverage. | |
| ویب ایم ویڈیوWebM (VP8) | 88% | n/a | 90% | libvpx 1.14.1 full VP8 decode. **Critical:** uses `VP8D_GET_FRAME_CORRUPTED` control query after each frame — without it, VP8's built-in error concealment silently patches bit flips. Both sniper and shotgun lift by ~90 points because of this query. | |
| AVI ویڈیوAVI | 0% | 20% | 93% | MJPEG per-frame decode via libjpeg-turbo — new sample generated via ffmpeg. Old MPEG-4 Part 2 sample kept in `generated_testsrc.avi` but sweep picks the larger MJPEG one. | |
| ڈی وی ویڈیوDV | 0% | 3% | 0% | DV spec has no checksum; relies on tape physical ECC | |
| MPEG ایلیمنٹری سٹریمMPEG-ES | 0% | 0% | 0% | Start codes only | |
| MPEG پروگرام سٹریمMPEG-1/2 | 0% | 0% | 0% | Start codes only | |
| MPEG-4 Part 2 | 0% | 0% | 0% | VOP header parsing tolerates VOP failures | |
| RealMediaRM | 0% | 1% | 2% | RealMedia spec has no checksums; structural chunk walk only | |
| فلیش ویڈیوFLV | 40% | n/a | n/a | Flash Video tag walk; no per-tag CRC. Tiny 33 B sample — sniper hits magic + header bytes. Shotgun N/A (sample < 4 KB). | |
| MPEG پروگرام سٹریمMPEG-PS | 0% | n/a | n/a | MPEG Program Stream; PES header walk; no CRC. Shotgun N/A (sample < 4 KB). | |
| اوگ ویڈیو (تھیورا)Theora (.ogv) | 100% | n/a | 100% | Theora-in-Ogg; libtheora-encoded testsrc (CC0). Ogg page CRC32 catches every probed bit flip in both modes. | |
| IVF ویڈیو کنٹینرVP8 (raw IVF) | 0% | 0% | 0% | IVF container with VP8 frames; structural-only without libvpx wired into the IVF dispatch path. Hand-authored CC0 sample. Detection is fundamentally low until VP8-in-IVF gets the same `VP8D_GET_FRAME_CORRUPTED` query as VP8-in-WebM. |
آڈیو
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dolby Digital AC-3 آڈیوAC3 | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC-16 per syncframe. Previous sample `TomorrowNeverDies-...ac3` was malformed (started with bytes 0x84 4F 59 11, not AC3 sync 0B 77) — validator correctly rejected it, so the old 100%/100% number was a false positive from trial inheritance. Removed 2026-04-23; now measured against a genuinely valid sample. | |
| اوگ آڈیوOGG | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC32 per OGG page | |
| ڈولبی ڈیجیٹل پلس آڈیوE-AC3 (large) | 100% | n/a | 100% | CRC-16 per syncframe (full file, after 2026-03-06 fix) | |
| ڈولبی ڈیجیٹل پلس آڈیوE-AC3 (small) | 81% | 100% | 85% | ⚠ Lower coverage on smaller file — reflects frame-size / coverage density, not a bug | |
| FLAC آڈیوFLAC | 80% | 96% | 88% | MD5 audio hash + CRC-8/CRC-16 per frame | |
| ایپل لاس لیس آڈیوALAC | 1% | 0% | 100% | Lossless decode — 4KB overwrite kills a frame | |
| Opus | 1% | 62% | 35% | OGG page CRC + libopus decode | |
| M4A آڈیوAAC (M4A) | 4% | 3% | 31% | MP4 box + AAC syntax decode | |
| AAC-LC آڈیو (ADTS)AAC (ADTS) | 6% | 10% | 20% | ADTS framing + syntax | |
| MP3 آڈیوMP3 | 1% | 0% | 1% | Frame sync only — MP3 spec has no data CRC | |
| WAV آڈیوWAV | 0% | 0% | 2% | RIFF structural; no data checksum | |
| اے آئی ایف ایف آڈیوAIFF | 0% | 0% | 1% | IFF structural; no data checksum | |
| CAF آڈیوCAF | 0% | 0% | 1% | Chunk walk; no data checksum | |
| AU/SND آڈیوAU | 0% | 0% | 0% | Header + raw PCM | |
| پرو ٹریکر ماڈیولTracker (MOD) | 0% | 0% | 0% | No integrity mechanism in format | |
| AMR آڈیوAMR | 14% | n/a | n/a | Adaptive Multi-Rate audio; frame-table based, no per-frame CRC. Sniper at 14% reflects sync-byte coverage on a 38 B sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| بندر کی آڈیوAPE (Monkey's Audio) | 99% | 100% | 100% | MAC header + descriptor + per-frame CRC32. Full deep-decode validation now wired via vendored upstream Monkey's Audio SDK 12.73 (`deps/libape/`, BSD-3 since 2023). The validator runs structural rigor first (descriptor, header, seek-table monotonicity, audio-region bounds, field sanity, version range) then decodes every frame and surfaces per-frame CRC32-over-decoded-PCM mismatches via the C-shim `validate_ape_decode_check`. Truncation is caught either by the structural seek-table walk (modern v3980+ has audio_data_length) or by the decoder's sample-count-mismatch path. Synthetic 16 KB corpus is now a real APE encoded by the SDK from white-noise WAV (\`mac -c2000\`), so it actually decodes; sniper hits 99% (only the descriptor MD5 bytes — which are byte-level metadata not bitstream — escape detection in some random flips), shotgun hits 100%. Tested with the in-tree Zig tests + tests/cli/ape_validation (11 PASS). | |
| CD+Graphics KaraokeCD+G (Karaoke) | 0% | 0% | 2% | 24-byte fixed-size sectors; structural only — no checksum. 0%/2% confirms fundamental format limit. | |
| DSDIFF آڈیوDFF (DSDIFF) | 52% | n/a | n/a | DSD audio container; chunk walk only. Tiny 32 B header-only sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| DSD اسٹریم فائلDSF (DSD) | 60% | n/a | n/a | Sony DSD; structural walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| DTS Digital Surround AudioDTS (Digital Surround) | 0% | 0% | 51% | Frame sync + size walk; no per-frame CRC. Shotgun lift from 4 KB overwrite desyncing the frame stream. | |
| ٹرو آڈیو (TTA)TTA (True Audio) | 97% | n/a | n/a | Per-frame CRC32 catches almost every probed bit flip. Shotgun N/A (sample < 4 KB). | |
| WavPack آڈیوWavPack | 100% | 100% | 100% | libwavpack 5.9.0 deep decode: every block decoded to PCM, per-block CRC over decoded samples + checksum sub-block + sample-count drift. Block-checksum sub-block (`ID_BLOCK_CHECKSUM`) catches header/bitstream tampering at open-time; post-decode CRC catches arithmetic drift; truncation surfaces as decoded < expected sample count. |
دستاویز اور دفتر
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ایکسل سپریڈ شیٹ (97-2003)XLS | 22% | 24% | 96% | BIFF8 records + SST + formulas + cells | |
| لفظ دستاویز (97-2003)DOC (large) | 2% | 2% | 2% | FIB + 31 fc/lcb pair bounds + CLX piece table. Detection density drops on large docs — body text is most of the file. | |
| لفظ دستاویز (97-2003)DOC (small) | n/a | n/a | 52% | Same validator, smaller file — shotgun has ~21% chance of hitting FIB/Table/CLX. | |
| پی ڈی ایف دستاویزPDF | n/a | n/a | n/a | †Headline numbers are misleading for PDF: detection rate is dominated by which compression filters the document uses for its embedded streams (Flate, DCT/JPEG, JPX/JPEG2000, JBIG2, CCITT), not by the validator. See "PDF detection by stream-filter dominance" subsection below for the breakout table. The exit-code bug from 2026-03-06 was fixed in commit `c304f36` (2026-04-23, Action Item #1). | |
| پاورپوائنٹ (97-2003)OLE2 (PPT) | 0% | 0% | 0% | FAT/directory structural only | |
| Adobe InDesign دستاویزInDesign | 1% | 0% | 73% | Page structure. | |
| لفظ دستاویز (OOXML)DOCX | 87% | 82% | 100% | OOXML = ZIP with per-entry CRC32. Sample replaced 2026-04-23 from Apache 2.0 Tika test corpus. | |
| ایکسل اسپریڈشیٹ (OOXML)XLSX | 82% | 83% | 100% | OOXML = ZIP with per-entry CRC32. Sample from Apache Tika. | |
| پاورپوائنٹ (OOXML)PPTX | 93% | 97% | 100% | OOXML = ZIP with per-entry CRC32. Sample from Apache Tika. | |
| اوپن دستاویز کا متنODT | 96% | 98% | 100% | ODF = ZIP with per-entry CRC32. Sample from Apache Tika. Note: currently auto-detected as EPUB (also ZIP) — separate detection-priority bug. | |
| اوپن دستاویز اسپریڈشیٹODS | 88% | 88% | 100% | Same as ODT. | |
| اوپن دستاویز پریزنٹیشنODP | 97% | 98% | 100% | Same as ODT. | |
| رچ ٹیکسٹ فارمیٹRTF | 0% | 0% | 92% | Structural only — RTF has no checksums. Shotgun high because 4 KB overwrite reliably breaks brace matching or control-word syntax. | |
| EML ای میل پیغامEML | 12% | 97% | 84% | UTF-8 + NUL-byte integrity check on the raw file before structural parsing. NUL is never legal in a mail message; flipping the high bit of an ASCII byte produces a lone UTF-8 continuation byte. Caught ~50% of single-bit ASCII flips and ~80% of 4 KB shotgun overwrites. | |
| MBOX میل آرکائیوMBOX | 13% | 100% | 100% | Same UTF-8 + NUL-byte check as EML, applied to the whole concatenated file. Shotgun catches every 4 KB random overwrite (random bytes almost always include NUL or invalid UTF-8 sequences). Sniper catches roughly half the random bit flips. | |
| ایپل کے صفحاتPages | 100% | 99% | 100% | iWork bundle = ZIP with per-entry CRC32. Hand-authored from scratch (no Apple software, no permissive corpus exists); `scripts/build-pages-sample` regenerates a deterministic 8-IWA inner `Index.zip` with high-entropy openssl-AES-CTR payloads plus real plist metadata. CRC32 per entry catches every bit flip and every 4 KB shotgun overwrite. | |
| Apple KeynoteKeynote | 99% | 100% | 100% | iWork bundle = ZIP with per-entry CRC32. Hand-authored mirroring the Pages sample; `scripts/build-keynote-sample` regenerates a 9-IWA inner `Index.zip` plus an uncompressed `buildVersionHistory.plist` carrying `com.apple.iWork.Keynote` so the format detector keys on it. CRC32 per entry catches every 4 KB shotgun overwrite and ~99% of single-bit flips. | |
| Apple NumbersNumbers | 100% | 99% | 100% | Same iWork-bundle template as Keynote with a Tables/-shaped IWA layout. The `com.apple.iWork.Numbers` marker is stored uncompressed at the head of the outer ZIP. CRC32 per entry catches every probed bit flip and every 4 KB shotgun overwrite. | |
| ایڈوب السٹریٹرAI (Adobe Illustrator) | 6% | n/a | n/a | PostScript-derived header + PDF body. Tiny 372 B sample is mostly PDF magic; later bytes are uncovered text. Shotgun N/A. | |
| BAI2 Balance ReportBAI2 (Bank Admin Inst.) | 20% | n/a | n/a | Fixed-format banking text; structural validation of record-type prefixes. No checksum. Shotgun N/A. | |
| CSV ڈیٹاCSV | 26% | 100% | 100% | Structural CSV + mandatory UTF-8 validation. bolter/shotgun reliably produce invalid UTF-8 -> 100%; sniper 26% = flips landing in a multibyte sequence. (Was 0/0/0 before 2026-06-22: CSV was omitted from the extension-remap dispatch and silently skipped its UTF-8 check; fixed and guarded by tests/cli/utf8_required_formats_reject.) | |
| ClarisWorks/AppleWorksClarisWorks | 6% | n/a | n/a | Legacy AppleWorks. Structural walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| UN/EDIFACTEDIFACT | 37% | n/a | n/a | Fixed-format trade messages; validator cross-checks UNH/UNT counts. Shotgun N/A. | |
| انکیپسولیٹڈ پوسٹ اسکرپٹEPS | 4% | n/a | n/a | PostScript header + structural walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| EPUB ای بکEPUB | 69% | n/a | n/a | ZIP container with mimetype check; per-entry CRC32. Shotgun N/A. | |
| HTML دستاویزHTML | 22% | 100% | 100% | Tag-tree parse + UTF-8 validation gated on a declared charset (<meta charset=utf-8>). bolter/shotgun -> 100%; sniper 22% on the >=12 KB fixture. | |
| iCalendariCalendar (RFC 5545) | 21% | n/a | n/a | Structural; BEGIN/END pairing + property syntax. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ایڈوب انڈیزائن مارک اپIDML (InDesign) | 55% | n/a | n/a | ZIP+XML markup; per-entry CRC32. Shotgun N/A. | |
| INI ترتیبINI | 17% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text key-value; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| JSON ڈیٹاJSON | 43% | 100% | 100% | RFC 8259 mandates UTF-8: the validator rejects invalid UTF-8, then parses structure. On the >=12 KB multibyte fixture, bolter/shotgun almost always corrupt a UTF-8 sequence -> 100%; sniper 43% is the share of single-bit flips that land in a multibyte byte or a JSON token. | |
| JSON5 | 30% | n/a | n/a | JSON5 parser; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| SWIFT MT940 Bank StatementMT940 (SWIFT) | 11% | n/a | n/a | Banking text; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| میک رائٹ دستاویزMacWrite Document | 0% | n/a | n/a | Legacy word processor; structural only. Tiny sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| NACHA/ACH Electronic PaymentsNACHA (ACH) | 15% | n/a | n/a | Banking fixed-format text; record-type validation. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Open Financial ExchangeOFX (Open Financial) | 2% | n/a | n/a | Banking SGML/XML; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| سادہ متن (UTF-8)Plain Text | 0% | 0% | 95% | UTF-8 + control-char check. Invalid UTF-8 that is still Latin-1-decodable falls back to single-byte decode with a WARN (exit 0, so counted as not-detected) -> sniper/bolter ~0%; shotgun 95% because a random 4 KB overwrite injects NUL or undecodable bytes that hard-fail. | |
| پرو ٹولز سیشنPTX (Pro Tools) | 0% | 0% | 0% | Avid session structural walk. 0%/0% on 40 KB confirms structural-only. | |
| Quicken Interchange FormatQIF (Quicken Interchange) | 3% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| TOML کنفیگریشنTOML | 42% | 100% | 100% | TOML structural parse + mandatory UTF-8. bolter/shotgun -> 100% (invalid UTF-8); sniper 42% on the >=12 KB multibyte fixture. | |
| Tax Exchange FormatTXF (Tax Exchange) | 3% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| vCardvCard (RFC 6350) | 32% | n/a | n/a | Structural BEGIN/END pairing + property syntax. Shotgun N/A. | |
| WordPerfect دستاویزWordPerfect | 2% | n/a | n/a | Header walk; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| X12 EDI | 21% | n/a | n/a | Fixed-format trade messages; ISA/IEA + GS/GE counts cross-validated. Shotgun N/A. | |
| XML دستاویزXML | 52% | 100% | 100% | XML well-formedness + mandatory UTF-8. bolter/shotgun -> 100%; sniper 52% from tag/quote/multibyte density on the >=12 KB fixture. | |
| YAML ڈیٹاYAML | 0% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| مارک ڈاؤن ٹیکسٹMarkdown | 0% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text; structural only. Shotgun N/A. |
فونٹ
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TrueType فونٹTTF | 100% | 100% | 100% | Per-table checksum + whole-file checkSumAdjustment (strict mode) | |
| اوپن ٹائپ فونٹOTF | 100% | 100% | 100% | Per-table checksum + whole-file checkSumAdjustment | |
| WOFF فونٹWOFF | 100% | 100% | 100% | Per-table zlib-decompress + origChecksum verification (font_validator.zig:370). Prior "0%/0%" was a stale sweep — the code was already doing the right thing. | |
| WOFF2 فونٹWOFF2 | 49% | 63% | 100% | Per-table Brotli-decompress + origChecksum verification. Prior "0%/0%" was a stale sweep. Sniper is lower than WOFF because WOFF2's Brotli framing is more compact (fewer structural bytes), but shotgun still perfect. |
سائنسی
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| فلکیاتی ڈیٹا کو فٹ کرتا ہے۔FITS (with CHECKSUM) | 100% | n/a | 100% | CHECKSUM/DATASUM per HDU | |
| فلکیاتی ڈیٹا کو فٹ کرتا ہے۔FITS (no CHECKSUM) | 0% | 0% | 2% | Keyword validation only | |
| DICOM میڈیکل امیجDICOM | 7% | 9% | 20% | Tag structure + value validation | |
| HDF5 سائنسی ڈیٹاHDF5 | 4% | 72% | 13% | Jenkins lookup3 checksum (small file) | |
| PDB پروٹین کا ڈھانچہPDB (Protein) | 16% | 19% | 39% | ATOM/HETATM record cross-validation | |
| CIF کرسٹاللوگرافک ڈیٹاCIF (Crystallographic Info) | 0% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text scientific format; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| فاسٹا کی ترتیبFASTA | 22% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text bioinformatics; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| FASTQ تسلسل پڑھتا ہے۔FASTQ | 28% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text bioinformatics; per-record sequence/quality length cross-check. Shotgun N/A. | |
| MATLAB ڈیٹاMAT-File | 94% | n/a | n/a | Element header + flag walk; magic + endian + tag length validation. Shotgun N/A. | |
| NetCDF سائنسی ڈیٹاNetCDF | 39% | n/a | n/a | NetCDF classic header walk; HDF5-derived NetCDF-4 reuses HDF5's lookup3 checksums. Tiny sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| NIfTI نیورو امیجنگNIfTI-1 | 1% | n/a | n/a | Header magic + dims; no checksum. Shotgun N/A. | |
| اپاچی پارکیٹ ڈیٹاParquet | 2% | n/a | n/a | Footer + page CRC32 (not currently verified by validator beyond header). Shotgun N/A. | |
| ESRI شکل فائلShapefile | 89% | n/a | n/a | GIS .shp; record-by-record header check + magic. Shotgun N/A. |
ڈیٹابیس
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QuickBooks Company FileQBW | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC32 per 4096-byte page (v12+) | |
| SQLite ڈیٹا بیسSQLite | 54% | 52% | 100% | Page headers + btree structure | |
| مائیکروسافٹ ایکسیس ڈیٹا بیسACCDB | 1% | 0% | 73% | Jet engine page structure (small file) | |
| مائیکروسافٹ رسائی ڈیٹا بیس (97-2003)MDB | 1% | 0% | 73% | Jet engine page structure (small file) | |
| QuickBooks BackupQuickBooks Backup (.qbb) | 8% | 7% | 24% | OLE2-based; dispatches through document_validators (no per-stream checksum). Sample shared with ole2/sample.doc. | |
| dBASE ڈیٹابیسdBASE (.dbf) | 0% | 0% | 100% | Header version + date + record-length cross-validation; hand-authored CC0 dBASE III. Sniper rate fundamental (no per-record checksum); shotgun lands in tail records past header-declared range. |
آرکائیو
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compact Pro ArchiveCPT | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC per resource fork entry (Compact Pro archive, not audio) | |
| ٹار آرکائیوTAR | 15% | 78% | 73% | Header checksum per 512-byte block | |
| 7-زپ آرکائیو7z | 99% | n/a | 100% | 7z next-header CRC32 + per-stream CRC32. Hand-authored xorshift corpus (CC0). Both sniper and shotgun catch nearly every flip. | |
| یونکس آر آرکائیوAR (Unix archive) | 38% | n/a | n/a | `!<arch>\n` magic + 60-byte member headers; no per-entry checksum. Shotgun N/A. | |
| BLIP ArchiveBLAR (Blake3 Archive) | 100% | n/a | n/a | Peter's archive format with Blake3 per-entry hashing. Every probed bit flip detected. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Brotli CompressedBrotli | 47% | 72% | 100% | Raw Brotli stream; full streaming decompression via libbrotli. RFC 7932 has no whole-file checksum, but the entropy coder rejects most structurally invalid prefix codes / distance overflows / window-bits errors. ~47% of single-bit flips on dense English-text Huffman streams cascade into decoder failure; the rest decode to wrong-but-valid bytes (silent). 4 KB shotgun overwrites are essentially always rejected. Earlier 0%/0% row used a pathological xorshift random-noise corpus where compressed output is ~8 bits/byte and bit flips are statistically valid Huffman codes; replaced with a deterministic CC0 English-text corpus (scripts/build-brotli-corpus). | |
| Bzip2 کمپریسڈBzip2 | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC32 per block + combined CRC. Hand-authored xorshift corpus (CC0). | |
| Microsoft Cabinet ArchiveCAB (Microsoft) | 100% | 100% | 100% | Per-folder + per-file CSUM (Adler-like) cross-validated. CC0 sample built via gcab. | |
| Gzip کمپریسڈGzip | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC32 + ISIZE in trailer. Hand-authored xorshift corpus (CC0). | |
| BinHex 4.0 ArchiveBinHex (.hqx) | 100% | 100% | 100% | BinHex 4.0 header + per-fork CRC16. Hand-authored CC0 sample (encoder reverse-engineered from validator). | |
| BLIP Mini-ArchiveMBLAR (Multi-Blake3) | 100% | n/a | n/a | Peter's manifest-bundle archive; Blake3 per file. Shotgun N/A. | |
| PAR2 برابری آرکائیوPAR2 | 100% | 100% | 100% | MD5 of every packet + recovery slice integrity. Built via par2cmdline (BSD-licensed). | |
| RAR ArchiveRAR | 100% | 100% | 100% | Per-entry CRC32 + RAR5 BLAKE2sp option. CC0 corpus (rar -m5). | |
| StuffIt ArchiveStuffIt | 94% | n/a | n/a | Header + entry walk; sniper 94% on 140 B from header dominance. Shotgun N/A. | |
| XZ کمپریسڈXZ | 100% | 100% | 100% | CRC32/CRC64/SHA-256 per stream + index integrity. Hand-authored xorshift corpus (CC0). | |
| زپ آرکائیوZIP | 100% | 100% | 100% | Per-entry CRC32 + EOCD record. Hand-authored xorshift corpus (CC0). | |
| Zstandard کمپریسڈZstd | 100% | 100% | 100% | Frame-level XXH64 + frame footer. Hand-authored xorshift corpus (CC0). | |
| اسٹوڈیو ون پروجیکٹStudio One Project (.song) | 100% | 99% | 100% | ZIP-based; per-entry CRC32 + metainfo.xml integrity. Hand-authored CC0 sample. | |
| StuffIt X ArchiveStuffIt X (.sitx) | 0% | 0% | 0% | Magic + structural header walk only; no per-entry checksums in current validator. Hand-authored. |
گیم ROM
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNES ROMSNES | 100% | 100% | 99% | Internal ROM checksum + complement | |
| کھیل ہی کھیل میں لڑکے ROMGB | 0% | 100% | 1% | Header checksum only (tiny coverage) | |
| کھیل ہی کھیل میں لڑکے ایڈوانس ROMGBA | 0% | 0% | 0% | Header checksum only | |
| سیگا جینیسس رومGenesis | 0% | 100% | 1% | Header checksum only | |
| NES ROMNES | 0% | 0% | 0% | iNES header only | |
| نینٹینڈو 64 رومN64 | 0% | 10% | 0% | No integrity mechanism | |
| MAME CHD امیجCHD (MAME) | 10% | n/a | n/a | MAME's compressed disc; SHA-1 per hunk + global SHA-1. Tiny synthetic 124 B sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| نینٹینڈو ڈی ایس رومNDS (Nintendo DS) | 41% | n/a | n/a | Header CRC16 (logo + secure area). 41% sniper on 1 KB. Shotgun N/A. | |
| DOOM WAD آرکائیوWAD (Doom/Wii) | 100% | n/a | n/a | Lump table; structural only. Tiny synthetic sample — header IS most of file. Shotgun N/A. |
ڈسک امیج / فائل سسٹم / قابلِ اجرا / دیگر
| فارمیٹ | Sniper | Bolter | Shotgun | ناپا گیا | یہ کیسے پکڑا جاتا ہے (یا کیوں نہیں پکڑا جا سکتا) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ایپل ڈسک امیجDMG | 0% | 0% | 10% | Plist + koly trailer | |
| ISO 9660 ڈسک امیجISO | 0% | 0% | 0% | PVD structural only | |
| COFF آبجیکٹ فائلCOFF | 0% | 0% | 1% | Section header structure | |
| مچ-او یونیورسل بائنریMach-O Fat | 0% | 0% | 0% | Architecture header only | |
| بلورب انٹرایکٹو فکشنBlorb | 0% | 0% | 0% | IFF structural only | |
| macOS DS_StoreDS_Store | 0% | 0% | 25% | BTree page structure | |
| اے ایس ایف میڈیاASF | 1% | 4% | 0% | GUID/object structural | |
| Quicken Data FileQDF | 1% | 1% | 0% | OLE2/ZIP structural | |
| 3MF 3D مینوفیکچرنگ3MF (3D Manufacturing) | 75% | n/a | n/a | ZIP-based; per-entry CRC32 + XML manifest. Shotgun N/A (sample < 4 KB). | |
| ایڈوب آف ایفیکٹس پروجیکٹAEP (After Effects Project) | 27% | n/a | n/a | RIFX container; structural-only walk. Tiny sample (44 B). Shotgun N/A. | |
| ایبلٹن لائیو سیٹALS (Ableton Live Set) | 90% | n/a | n/a | gzip-wrapped XML. Tiny sample — gzip CRC32 + zlib structure catches most bit flips. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Apple Media Library DatabaseApple Media DB | 46% | n/a | n/a | tvdb/photo SQLite-derived store. Structural walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| گیراج بینڈ پروجیکٹGarageBand (.band) | 0% | n/a | n/a | Bundle (directory) format — `projectData` inside is a plist routed to plist validator. Sweep-only on the plist file. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ایرلنگ/ایلیکسیر بیم بائٹ کوڈBEAM (Erlang) | 36% | n/a | n/a | FOR1/IFF chunk container; chunk lengths cross-validated. No CRC. Shotgun N/A. | |
| بلینڈر 3D پروجیکٹBlender (.blend) | 47% | n/a | n/a | DNA-block-based binary. Structural walk; no checksum. Tiny header-only sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| بی ایس پی میپ فائلBSP (Quake) | 39% | n/a | n/a | Lump-table walk; no CRC. Structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| بٹ وِگ اسٹوڈیو پروجیکٹBitwig Project | 0% | n/a | n/a | ZIP-derived but tiny sample (128 B). Sniper 0% — sample is below ZIP minimum. Shotgun N/A. | |
| کرومیم ریسورس PAKChromium PAK | 0% | n/a | n/a | Resource bundle; index walk only. Tiny synthetic sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| کیوبیس پروجیکٹCubase Project | 49% | n/a | n/a | Steinberg binary. Structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| DER Certificate/KeyDER (ASN.1) | 7% | n/a | n/a | TLV-walked. Structural; no checksum. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ڈا ونچی ریزولو پروجیکٹDRP (DR Painter) | 60% | n/a | n/a | Generic binary — high sniper from header dominance. Shotgun N/A. | |
| آٹوکیڈ ڈرائنگDWG (AutoCAD) | 1% | n/a | n/a | Section structure walk. Tiny sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| آٹوکیڈ ڈی ایکس ایفDXF (AutoCAD) | 5% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text CAD; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| EEx/ERB ٹیمپلیٹErlang Mix .eex | 0% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text template; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ELF قابل عملELF | 20% | n/a | n/a | Section header walk; no whole-file checksum. Tiny synthetic 64 B sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ایرلنگ ٹرمErlang BERT | 0% | n/a | n/a | External Term Format walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| فائنل کٹ پرو XMLFCPXML (Final Cut) | 58% | n/a | n/a | XML-based; structural walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ایف ایل اسٹوڈیو پروجیکٹFL Studio | 6% | n/a | n/a | Project file structural walk. Tiny sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| GLB بائنری glTFGLB (glTF binary) | 32% | n/a | n/a | Chunk-based; structural walk. JSON chunk + BIN chunk lengths cross-validated. Shotgun N/A. | |
| glTF 3D منظرglTF (JSON) | 20% | n/a | n/a | JSON manifest; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| IFF کنٹینرIFF (EA) | 46% | n/a | n/a | Chunk walk; no CRC. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Java Class FileJava .class | 21% | n/a | n/a | ClassFile constant pool walk; magic + version check. Shotgun N/A. | |
| KML جغرافیائی ڈیٹاKML | 58% | n/a | n/a | GIS XML; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| KMZ کمپریسڈ KMLKMZ | 95% | n/a | n/a | KMZ = zipped KML; per-entry CRC32 catches almost any bit flip on the small sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| لاجک پرو ایکس پروجیکٹLogic Pro X | 71% | n/a | n/a | Bundle format — sample is `ProjectData` plist alone. Shotgun N/A. | |
| لارین اسٹوڈیو پاکLSPK (Larian Studios) | 3% | n/a | n/a | Pak file; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Mach-O BinaryMach-O | 0% | n/a | n/a | Single-arch sample; load command walk; no checksum. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ویو فرنٹ OBJ 3D ماڈلOBJ (Wavefront) | 44% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text 3D; vertex/face syntax check. Shotgun N/A. | |
| زلزلہ پی اے کے آرکائیوPAK (Quake) | 60% | n/a | n/a | Header offset/length cross-check. Tiny synthetic sample (12 B). Shotgun N/A. | |
| ونڈوز پی ای قابل عملPE (Windows) | 3% | n/a | n/a | MZ + PE headers; optional checksum (rarely populated). Tiny sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| PEM Certificate/KeyPEM (RFC 7468) | 51% | n/a | n/a | Base64 envelope; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| PGP Signed Message | 81% | n/a | n/a | Header/footer detect + Base64 walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ایپل پراپرٹی لسٹPlist | 52% | n/a | n/a | Both XML and binary plist; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| PLY کثیر الاضلاع فائلPLY (3D) | 51% | n/a | n/a | Header + element count; no per-element checksum. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ایڈوب پریمیئر پرو پروجیکٹPremiere Project | 55% | n/a | n/a | Gzip-wrapped XML. Tiny sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| وجہ پروجیکٹReason (Propellerhead) | 33% | n/a | n/a | Bundle binary; structural walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ریپر پروجیکٹRPP (Reaper) | 50% | n/a | n/a | Plain-text project; structural only. Shotgun N/A. | |
| خاکہ ڈیزائن فائلSketch (.sketch) | 56% | n/a | n/a | ZIP-based; per-entry CRC32. Shotgun N/A. | |
| SSH Signature | 64% | n/a | n/a | RFC 4880-like wire-format walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| سٹیپ CAD ماڈلSTEP (.step) | 23% | n/a | n/a | ISO 10303-21 plain-text CAD. Shotgun N/A. | |
| STL 3D ماڈلSTL (3D) | 73% | n/a | n/a | Both ASCII and binary stl; sniper 73% on small ASCII sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Roxio Toast Disc ImageToast (Roxio) | 0% | 0% | 10% | Apple Toast disc image; structural walk. | |
| 1 فونٹ ٹائپ کریں۔Type 1 Font | 0% | n/a | n/a | PostScript-derived font; eexec encrypted body walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| VMware Virtual DiskVMDK | 0% | 0% | 0% | VMware disk descriptor + extent walk. 65 KB sample at 0%/0% — structural-only. | |
| والو PAK محفوظ شدہ دستاویزاتVPK (Valve Pak) | 100% | n/a | n/a | Tiny synthetic 28 B sample; structural walk catches every flip (header IS the file). Shotgun N/A. | |
| WARC ویب آرکائیوWARC (Web Archive) | 48% | n/a | n/a | Record header + content-length walk. Shotgun N/A. | |
| ویب اسمبلی ماڈیولWebAssembly | 35% | n/a | n/a | Section LEB128 length walk; magic + version. Tiny sample. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Windows Imaging FormatWIM (Windows Imaging) | 8% | n/a | n/a | XPRESS/LZX section walk; partial integrity. Shotgun N/A. | |
| Microsoft InstallerMicrosoft Installer (.msi) | 0% | 0% | 43% | OLE2 compound file (no integrity beyond CFBF FAT structure). Built via wixl. Shotgun catches FAT/dir mismatch. | |
| Windows ESD ImageWindows ESD (.esd) | 1% | 0% | 0% | WIM variant with LZMS compression; structural header walk (208-byte WIM header). Hand-authored. | |
| LLVM Precompiled HeaderLLVM Precompiled Header (.pch) | 0% | 0% | 0% | Magic ("CPCH") + LLVM bitcode signature only. Bitcode contents are version-specific; structural only. | |
| LLVM Serialized DiagnosticsLLVM Serialized Diagnostics (.dia) | 0% | 0% | 0% | Magic ("DIAG") + LLVM bitcode signature only. Same limit as .pch. | |
| PCAP نیٹ ورک کیپچرPCAP | 4% | 3% | 100% | Hand-authored (no sudo for tcpdump in nix sandbox). Walks every packet record's incl_len/orig_len; shotgun lands in valid trailer bytes that fail length checks. Fixed 64 MiB-stack-overflow bug in `validatePcap` while landing the sample. | |
| PCAPNG نیٹ ورک کیپچرPCAPNG | 10% | 8% | 100% | Walks every PCAPNG block's declared length and matching trailing length across every section. Unknown packet payloads remain opaque, so this is structural—not a per-packet checksum guarantee. | |
| G-code (3D Printer/CNC)G-code | 27% | 99% | 98% | Text format; line-grammar walk catches 27% sniper (most flips break a coordinate or G/M code prefix). Shotgun 98% — large overwrite breaks too many lines to ignore. Hand-authored CC0. | |
| MessagePack DataMessagePack (.msgpack) | 0% | 0% | 0% | Type-tagged binary; validator walks tag stream but spec has no checksum. Most flips land in payload bytes that decode to different-but-valid values. Fundamental limit per RFC. Hand-authored CC0. | |
| RPM پیکیجRPM Package (.rpm) | 3% | 7% | 30% | RPM v3 lead + signature header + main header. Validator computes SHA-1 over main header (when sig tag 269 present). Shotgun 30% reflects header dominance vs payload mass. Built via rpmbuild (CC0 spec). Fixed 16 MiB-stack-overflow bug in `validateRpm` while landing the sample. |